保障房信息交互机制研究

本文重点研究保障房建设过程中面临的主要问题、政府相关部门之间信息的交互模式和政府职能部门与群众之间信息的交互模式,通过对保障房信息模型以及交互功能研究,重点分析保障房实现统一信息发布、信息咨询、意见反馈、信息归纳处理,保障房建设的位置、规模、进度安排等信息的发布,保障房申请条件、程序等相关政策信息的发布和咨询,群众对保障房建设过程中的意见和建议等信息的反馈、对反馈的信息的归类整理等相关内容,通过对电子政务信息模型以及交互功能研究,对研究和应用保障房信息交互技术、促进保障房建设具有积极意义。     

Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) mortality in relation to the winter mixed layer depth in the Kuroshio Extension region

A drastic population change in Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) has been noted as being related to winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio Extension region. The former studies suggest two possible explanations. One is that temperature itself affects sardine. The other is that SST represents the environmental change of the Kuroshio Extension region and other causes directly affecting sardine. In this study, we found that sardine mortality from post‐larva to age 1 negatively correlated with the winter mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Kuroshio Extension region from 1979 to 1993. During the period of a deep winter mixed layer (during the early 1980s), sardine mortality was low, whereas mortality was high when the winter mixed layer was shallow (during the late 1980s to early 1990s). By using a lower trophic‐level ecosystem model forced by the observed time series of MLD, SST, light intensity and nutrient data, we found that the estimated spring zooplankton density drastically varies from year to year and has a significant negative correlation with sardine mortality. The inter‐annual variation of spring zooplankton density is caused by the winter MLD variation. During the deep winter mixed layer years, a phytoplankton bloom occurs in spring, whereas during the shallow winter mixed layer years, the bloom occurs in winter. The results of our study suggest that the decline in the Japanese sardine population during the late 1980s to early 1990s was due to an insufficient spring food supply in the Kuroshio Extension region where sardine larvae and juvenile are transported.     

利用随机网络模型和CT数字图像预测近饱和土壤水分特征曲线

通过对连续土壤切片CT图像的分析,定量获取了土壤孔隙的大小分布情况。在此基础上建立了基于土壤孔隙形态学特征的随机网络模型,在孔隙尺度模拟了土壤中的水分运动过程,并预测了近饱和土壤水分特征曲线。结果表明,通过选取合适的模型参数,基于土壤孔隙形态学特征建立的随机网络模型可以模拟出与土壤样本实测值非常接近的水分特征曲线,可以作为一种快速测量的方法。     

七自由度车辆悬架系统的数学建模

悬架系统是机动车上的重要部件,其性能的好坏对车辆的平顺性、操纵稳定性和安全性等都有重要的影响。而悬架数学模型的精确性、合理性对悬架的研究起到决定作用。本文以汽车整体为研究对象,进行了力学分析,根据牛顿运动定律推导出悬架各部分的力学微分方程,从而建立了七自由度悬架系统模型,为汽车主动悬架的进一步研究提供了理论基础与依据。     

吉林省耕地压力指数时空分异特征研究及其预测研究

笔者运用耕地压力指数模型和灰色系统理论GM(1,1)模型，对吉林省2003—2012 年间的耕地利用压力指数时空分异特征进行分析，并对其动态变化和未来发展趋势进行了预测。研究结果显示：随着时间的推移，加之国家放开“二胎政策”人口不断在增加，未来人口会出现增加趋势，即使在规定未来十年内人们的人均食物需求量也会不增加的基础上，最小人均耕地面积的增加幅度越来越小，以及大量耕地向建设用地转换，使得耕地压力指数有过大的趋向，而且2017—2027 年吉林省的耕地压力指数处于上升的趋向，即使耕地压力不是很明显，但仍不可忽视。过大的趋向，而且2017-2027年吉林省的耕地压力指数处于上升的趋向，即使耕地压力不是很明显，但仍不可忽视。     

东省不同地区玉米内生真菌的群落组成和多样性分析

为探究山东省玉米内生真菌的资源分布、群落组成及多样性，采用叶片组织分离法对山东省52个市县的玉米内生真菌进行分离纯化，通过内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer，ITS）序列分析技术进行内生真菌的种属鉴定，并分析内生真菌的群落组成和多样性。结果表明，共分离到857株内生真菌，隶属25个属，其中链格孢属Alternaria的菌株数量最多，为583株，占总菌株数的68.03%，其次为镰刀菌属Fusarium有71株，占总菌株数的8.28%；大部分地区的优势属为链格孢属，少数地区的优势属为镰刀菌属、炭疽菌属Colletotrichum和弯孢属Curvularia。不同地区的内生真菌定殖率变化很大，在12.50%~100.00%之间，平均定殖率为76.15%；陵城的多样性指数和均匀度指数最高，分别为1.74和0.97；莱芜的丰富度指数最高为2.22。山东省玉米内生真菌可以分为5个类群，其中黄河流域地区内生真菌定殖率相对较高。表明山东省玉米内生真菌种类丰富，不同地区间多样性水平存在差异。     

Aquacrop模型在北疆棉花生育期灌溉洗盐制度优化中的适用性

为明确Aquacrop模型在北疆棉田膜下滴灌和地下滴灌方式下生长和生产模拟的适用性，并探究棉田生育期最优灌溉洗盐制度，该研究以2020和2021年的田间试验数据对模型参数进行校正和验证，并用校正好的模型揭示3种灌溉水平（100%ETc、80%ETc、60%ETc，其中ETc为作物需水量）、3种淋洗总定额（0、120和240 mm）、3种灌水频率（5、7和10 d/次）和3种降水年型（湿润年、平水年、干旱年）对棉花产量和灌溉水生产力的影响。结果表明，2021年所有处理的冠层覆盖度、地上生物量归一化均方根误差（normalized root mean square error, NRMSE）不大于20.998%，一致性指数d≥0.967，决定系数R²≥0.914，产量均方根误差（root mean square error, RMSE）、NRMSE、d和R²分别为0.389 t/hm²、6.797%、0.836和0.754，模型整体模拟效果良好。基于58 a气象数据的模型模拟表明：灌溉水平、淋洗定额、降水年型对棉花产量和灌溉水生产力的影响显著，灌水频率的影响不显著；在平均土壤含盐量范围为12～18 g/kg的植棉区域，综合考虑产量、灌溉水生产力及实际生产情况，湿润年推荐80%ETc+120 mm的灌溉淋洗总定额，平水年和干旱年推荐100%ETc+120 mm的灌溉淋洗总定额；推荐延长灌水频率至10 d/次以减少灌水次数，节约成本。研究可以为Aquacrop模型在棉田中的应用积累经验，为农业水资源高效利用提供理论指导与技术支撑。     

垂直圆盘式气吸排种器种子着地点原始误差数学模型的建立

使用气吸式播种机进行播种可大大提高作业效率,减轻劳动强度。针对目前垂直圆盘式气吸播种机在作业时存在种子着地误差较大的问题,分析其误差形成的原因与过程,建立相应的数学模型,为播种机具性能的改进提供理论依据。     

Tree improvement effects on tree size distributions for Picea glauca and Picea mariana in New Brunswick,Canada

Abstract

Height and diameter distributions between improved and unimproved (checklot) seedlots for white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] and black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] were compared using the two-parameter Weibull function. Individual tree height at age 5–15 years and diameter at breast height at age 15 years that were collected from two series of large-plot realized gain tests were used for this purpose. For both species, improved seedlots did not significantly (α=0.05) change the shape parameter of the distributions relative to their checklots, suggesting that an overall shape value will be adequate to predict tree size distributions of various improved seedlots. The most important finding was that seedlot influenced the scale parameter (related to the range of the distribution) significantly, but from a practical viewpoint, only those scale values of the higher rated seedlots (i.e. seedlots collected from a rogued seed orchard or superior families) were significantly higher (α=0.05) than those of the respective unimproved seedlot. The changes in scale value of the alternative improved seedlots relative to the checklot (Δ_Scale) were comparable in magnitude to the respective realized genetic gains, suggesting that tree improvement effects on the scale value can be adjusted by realized genetic gains. The results also suggest that site and age significantly affected the scale value; in general, Δ_Scale became larger at earlier ages or on better sites. The findings reported here will be used in the development of yield functions for genetically improved white and black spruce in New Brunswick.     

南京地区葡萄避雨栽培条件下‘H’型整形及根域限制栽培技术

本文介绍了葡萄在避雨栽培条件下‘H’型整形及根域限制栽培技术在南京地区的应用情况，总结了主要的栽培技术措施，包括建园、棚架搭建、土肥水管理、整形修剪、花果管理、病虫害防治、采收包装等。